Podobnie jak istnieją prawa De Morgana dla rachunku zdań, tak też istnieją prawa De Morgana dla kwantyfikatorów.
\( \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)\)
Podstawiamy za \({\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)=\psi(x)\)
\( \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)\Leftrightarrow\,\, \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\, \psi(x)\)
Po prawej stronie równoważności stosujemy prawo De Morgana \(\sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\,\psi(x)\Leftrightarrow{\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\sim \psi(x)\)
\( \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)\Leftrightarrow\,\, \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\, \psi(x)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\sim \psi(x) \)
Powracamy do naszego podstawienia \({\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)=\psi(x)\)
\( \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)\Leftrightarrow\,\, \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\, \psi(x)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\sim \psi(x) \Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\sim {\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)\)
Ponownie korzystamy z prawa De Morgana \(\sim{\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\,\,p(x)\Leftrightarrow{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\sim p(x)\)
\( \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)\Leftrightarrow\,\, \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\, \psi(x)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\sim \psi(x) \Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\sim {\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\,\,{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\sim \varphi(x,y)\)
Po opuszczeniu wewnętrznych przekształceń otrzymujemy
\( \sim{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\large \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y) \Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\large \exists}}\,\,{\underset{x}{\large \forall}}\sim \varphi(x,y)\)
Wzory
Niech \(\varphi(x,y)\) oznacza formę zdaniową dwóch zmiennych \(x\) i \(y\) wówczas prawdziwe są równoważności:
\[ \sim{\underset{x}{\LARGE \forall}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\LARGE \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y) \Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\LARGE \exists}}\,\,{\underset{x}{\LARGE \forall}}\sim \varphi(x,y)\]
\[ \sim{\underset{x}{\LARGE \exists}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\LARGE \forall}}\,\,\varphi(x,y) \Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\LARGE \forall}}\,\,{\underset{x}{\LARGE \exists}}\sim \varphi(x,y)\]
\[ \sim{\underset{x}{\LARGE \exists}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\LARGE \exists}}\,\,\varphi(x,y) \Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\LARGE \forall}}\,\,{\underset{x}{\LARGE \forall}}\sim \varphi(x,y)\]
\[ \sim{\underset{x}{\LARGE \forall}}\,\,{\underset{y}{\LARGE \forall}}\,\,\varphi(x,y) \Leftrightarrow {\underset{x}{\LARGE \exists}}\,\,{\underset{x}{\LARGE \exists}}\sim \varphi(x,y)\]